Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Seven-year incidence of new-onset hypertension by frequency of dairy intake among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake

Hypertension Research volume 45, pages 1459–1467 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Survivors of natural disasters are at a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Behavioral risk factors, including modifiable diet, need to be identified. Thus far, the association between dairy intake and new-onset hypertension among these survivors is unknown. Therefore, we investigated this relationship. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 4475 survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 who participated in a 7-year follow-up survey. New-onset hypertension was assessed using annual health checkup data. Information on the frequency of dairy intake was obtained using a self-report questionnaire. The hazard ratio for developing hypertension according to the frequency of dairy intake was calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The total number of person-years observed was 20,042, with a median follow-up of 5.4 years. During the observation period, 1554 individuals developed hypertension. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of new-onset hypertension were significantly lower in those who consumed dairy products once per day (0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.71–0.94) and twice or more times per day (0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.71–0.99) than in nonconsumers; the inverse linear trend was marginally significant (P = 0.083). This association was not affected by lipid metabolism and was consistent across subgroups by sex, age, behavioral factors, cardiometabolic factors, and housing type due to the disaster. A higher frequency of dairy intake was associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension in community-dwelling survivors of earthquakes and tsunamis. Dietary guidance involving dairy intake could reduce the risk of developing hypertension among these survivors.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76:2982–3021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Babaie J, Pashaei Asl Y, Naghipour B, Faridaalaee G. Cardiovascular Diseases in Natural Disasters; a Systematic Review. Arch. Acad Emerg Med. 2021;9:e36.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Iwate Prefecture. IWATE Moving toward Reconstruction. 2014. https://www.pref.iwate.jp/_res/projects/default_project/_page_/001/002/302/iwatefukkounoayumi.pdf. Accessed 2021.

  4. Nakamura M, Tanaka F, Komi R, Tanaka K, Onodera M, Kawakami M, et al. Sustained Increase in the Incidence of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure After the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Am J Cardiol. 2016;118:1374–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Nakamura M, Tanaka K, Tanaka F, Matsuura Y, Komi R, Niiyama M, et al. Long-Term Effects of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on Incidence of Fatal and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120:352–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ohira T, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Satoh H, Suzuki H, Sakai A, et al. Evacuation and Risk of Hypertension After the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. Hypertension. 2016;68:558–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Takahashi S, Nakamura M, Yonekura Y, Tanno K, Sakata K, Ogawa A, et al. Association between relocation and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors: a longitudinal study in tsunami survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ralston RA, Lee JH, Truby H, Palermo CE, Walker KZ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods. J Hum Hypertens. 2012;26:3–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Soedamah-Muthu SS, Verberne LD, Ding EL, Engberink MF, Geleijnse JM. Dairy consumption and incidence of hypertension: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Hypertension. 2012;60:1131–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The National Health and Nutrition Survey. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/kenkou_eiyou_chousa.html. Accessed 2021.

  11. Beydoun MA, Gary TL, Caballero BH, Lawrence RS, Cheskin LJ, Wang Y. Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1914–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Takashima Y, Iwase Y, Yoshida M, Kokaze A, Takagi Y, Taubono Y, et al. Relationship of food intake and dietary patterns with blood pressure levels among middle-aged Japanese men. J Epidemiol. 1998;8:106–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Umesawa M, Kitamura A, Kiyama M, Okada T, Shimizu Y, Imano H, et al. Association between dietary behavior and risk of hypertension among Japanese male workers. Hypertens Res. 2013;36:374–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nishi N, Yoshimura E, Ishikawa-Takata K, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Kubota T, Miyachi M, et al. Relationship of living conditions with dietary patterns among survivors of the great East Japan earthquake. J Epidemiol. 2013;23:376–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Takahashi T, Tanaka F, Shimoda H, Tanno K, Sakata K, Takahashi S, et al. Five-year blood pressure trajectories of survivors of the tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake in Iwate. Hypertens Res. 2021;44:581–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Miyagawa N, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Nishi N, Tsubota-Utsugi M, Shimoda H, Sakata K, et al. Association between the prevalence of hypertension and dairy consumption by housing type among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. J Hum Hypertens. 2022;36:299–307.

  17. Umemura S, Arima H, Arima S, Asayama K, Dohi Y, Hirooka Y, et al. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019). Hypertens Res. 2019;42:1235–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. The Japanese Society of Nephrology. Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guideline for CKD 2018. Tokyo Igakusha: Tokyo, 2018. [in Japanese]

  19. Yoshimura E, Ishikawa-Takata K, Hasegawa Y, Murakami H, Nozue M, Sarukura Y, et al. [The food intakes in the survivor of the Great East Japan Earthquake living in temporary houses in Kamaishi city]. Iwate Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2014;25:7–14. [in Japanese]

    Google Scholar 

  20. Murakami H, Yoshimura E, Ishikawa-Takata K, Hasegawa Y, Kubota T, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, et al. [Validity and reproducibility of a physical activity questionnaire used for health surveying among victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2013;60:222–30. [in Japanese]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kario K. Disaster hypertension - its characteristics, mechanism, and management. Circ J. 2012;76:553–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Livingstone KM, Lovegrove JA, Cockcroft JR, Elwood PC, Pickering JE, Givens DI. Does dairy food intake predict arterial stiffness and blood pressure in men?: Evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Hypertension. 2013;61:42–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang H, Fox CS, Troy LM, McKeown NM, Jacques PF. Longitudinal association of dairy consumption with the changes in blood pressure and the risk of incident hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study. Br J Nutr. 2015;114:1887–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. WHO Guideline: sodium intake for adults and children. 2012. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77985/9789241504836_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed 2021.

  25. Ricci I, Artacho R, Olalla M. Milk protein peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010;50:390–402.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1117–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kato K, Ishida S, Tanaka M, Mitsuyama E, Xiao JZ, Odamaki T. Association between functional lactase variants and a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut of healthy Japanese people. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0206189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chin EL, Huang L, Bouzid YY, Kirschke CP, Durbin-Johnson B, Baldiviez LM, et al. Association of Lactase Persistence Genotypes (rs4988235) and Ethnicity with Dairy Intake in a Healthy U.S. Population. Nutrients. 2019;11:1860.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Health and Labor Sciences Research Grants, Japan (H23-Tokubetsu-Shitei-002; H24-Kenki-Shitei-001, H25-Kenki-Shitei-001(Fukkou)), JSPS KAKENHI (18K10108), the Dairy Products Health Science Council and the Japan Dairy Association. None of the study sponsors had any role in the study design, conduct of the study, data collection, data interpretation, or preparation of the paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Naoko Miyagawa

  2. International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan

    Naoko Miyagawa, Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka & Nobuo Nishi

  3. Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan

    Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi, Haruki Shimoda & Kiyomi Sakata

  4. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi

  5. Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan

    Akira Ogawa & Seiichiro Kobayashi

Authors
  1. Naoko Miyagawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nobuo Nishi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Haruki Shimoda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kiyomi Sakata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Akira Ogawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Seiichiro Kobayashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naoko Miyagawa.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Miyagawa, N., Tsubota-Utsugi, M., Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N. et al. Seven-year incidence of new-onset hypertension by frequency of dairy intake among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Hypertens Res 45, 1459–1467 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-00933-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-00933-0

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links