Rohit Sharma will succeed Virat Kohli as India's Test captain, starting with the home Test series against Sri Lanka.
Sharma has been lauded for his leadership throughout his Test career and was the obvious candidate to fill the role once Kohli made the shock announcement last month that he would be stepping away as skipper.
Already captain in the white-ball formats, the 34-year-old will now skipper India across all three formats as well as his duties as leader of the Mumbai Indians, who he has guided to five IPL titles.
"Rohit Sharma is the No.1 cricketer of our country," selection committee chairman Chetan Sharma said of Sharma's appointment.
"Today's professional cricketers manage their body and Rohit has no problem at all and he is absolutely OK.
"And if such a big and experienced cricketer comes forward and becomes captain then the future captains to be groomed under Rohit would be a tremendous thing for us."
While he remains part of the team, Kohli will be remembered as one of India's finest captains having taken over the role from MS Dhoni in 2014.
Kohli captained 68 Test matches, scoring a total of 5864 runs, including 20 centuries and 18 half-centuries, for an average of 54.80.
The 33-year-old made the announcement of his decision to step away from the role following India's recent Test series loss to South Africa in January.
"It's been [seven] years of hard work, toil and relentless perseverance every day to take the team in the right direction," he wrote in a social media post.
"Everything has to come to a halt at some stage and for me as Test Captain of India, it's now."