Author Correction: Deficiency of Axl aggravates pulmonary arterial hypertension via BMPR2

A new genome-wide association study has identified 41 previously unknown loci associated with Alzheimer disease. However, these data provide limited insight into disease mechanisms or benefits for clinical prediction of Alzheimer disease.

Correction to: Scientific Data https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01312-7, published online 10 May 2022. In this article the funding information relating to support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 was omitted. The original article has been corrected.

Correction to: Communications Biology https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03435-4, published online 19 May 2022. In this article the affiliation details for Andrew M. Davidoff were incorrectly given as 'Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 Canada' but should have been 'Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105, USA'. The original article has been corrected.

Replying to M. Hultström et al. Nature Immunology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-022-01227-w (2022) Prompted by our report on the role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in resistance to COVID-19 (ref. 1), Hultström and colleagues2 conducted a genetic and biochemical analysis of this fluid-phase pattern recognition molecule in 426 patients of the SweCovid Swedish initiative and in data extracted from summary statistics of the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (HGI)3. Our study had reported that MBL binds to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein from variants of concern and inhibits the virus, and that genetic variants mapping in the MBL gene (MBL2) region predispose to severe COVID-19 (ref. 1). In apparent contrast to our genetic study, Hultström and colleagues did not find a significant association between MBL2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hospitalization or intensive care admission due to COVID-19 (data extracted from summary statistics of the COVID-19 HGI3). They found that MBL2 haplotypes, composed of functional variants mapping within the gene (alleles named C, B, D, X/Y and L/H, according to the legacy nomenclature4) had a dual, U-type, impact on the risk for thrombotic complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Following the discovery in 1999 of ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor (GHSR-1A)), there was much expectation that ghrelin would be found to have a role in the neuroendocrine regulatory network governing pulsatile GH secretion, with beneficial (GH-mediated) effects on bone and metabolism. Many studies had described the powerful effects of synthetic GHS (that is, ghrelin mimetics) in driving a GH response, including amplification of the response induced by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH).

A massive crater known as the “mouth to hell” began opening in the 1960s. Now, over 60 years later, the crater continues to grow, swallowing everything in its path. The most worrying part, though, is that scientists have no idea how to stop it. Russia’s “mouth to hell”...

People with less-severe Ebola virus disease may go undiagnosed, but they can still suffer long-term sequelae; this highlights the public health value of testing close contacts to identify and adequately treat all infections. Karen O’Leary is an Associate Research Analysis Editor with Nature Medicine. Ebola virus infection can cause...

Correction to: Communications Biology https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03327-7, published online 11 April 2022. This Correction added Andrey Andreev and Kevin Keomanee-Dizon as equally contributing authors together with Thai V. Truong, Daniel B. Holland, Sara Madaan, which was incorrect. This has now been reverted back to the original list of contributing authors. Author information.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common mental disorder characterized by recurrent mood episodes, which causes major socioeconomic burdens globally. Though its disease pathogenesis is largely unknown, the high heritability of BD indicates strong contributions from genetic factors. In this review, we summarize the recent achievements in the genetics of BD, particularly those from genome-wide association study (GWAS) of common variants and next-generation sequencing analysis of rare variants. These include the identification of dozens of robust disease-associated loci, deepening of our understanding of the biology of BD, objective description of correlations with other psychiatric disorders and behavioral traits, formulation of methods for predicting disease risk and drug response, and the discovery of a single gene associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum with a large effect size. On the other hand, the findings to date have not yet made a clear contribution to the improvement of clinical psychiatry of BD. We overview the remaining challenges as well as possible paths to resolve them, referring to studies of other major neuropsychiatric disorders.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. It is associated with the risk of developing some adverse cardiovascular events, including cerebral embolism and heart failure [1]. The development of AF depends on a variety of risk factors, including age, sex, race, hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease [2]. Among these risk factors, hypertension has been established to be the most important factor [3, 4] In addition, in patients with AF, hypertension is one of the risk factors for the development of cerebral embolism [5]. In this regard, the Japanese guideline on pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias recommends the use of the CHADS2 score for the risk assessment of thromboembolism in patients with AF, in which "H" indicates hypertension [6]. An early diagnosis and the subsequent initiation of appropriate treatment for AF, including anticoagulation therapy, is strongly required in hypertensive patients. However, the diagnosis of AF is not easy in the clinical setting. Almost 40% of AF patients are asymptomatic [7]. Most of these patients are diagnosed as having AF at annual health check-up examinations [7]. The type of AF that is diagnosed at health check-up examinations is mostly the persistent type. Paroxysmal and asymptomatic AF is difficult to diagnose because there are few chances to detect AF by standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) [8]. Some of these patients unfortunately develop cerebral embolism before the diagnosis of AF. Although detailed assessment with 24-h Holter ECG is needed to detect AF, the chance of detection is limited [9]. On the other hand, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is currently considered the most accurate method for diagnosing hypertension [10, 11]. Several institutions have recommended that most or all subjects with suspected hypertension undergo ABPM [12]. Notably, an ABPM device that especially implements an algorithm to automatically detect AF during each blood pressure measurement has been developed in recent years. In fact, Kollias et al. [13] demonstrated the high diagnostic accuracy of detecting AF using 24-h ABPM devices with AF detection algorithms.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2022)Cite this article. Certain dietary patterns have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, less is known about dietary factors that can inhibit colonic tumorigenesis. In a new study published in Nature, researchers identify a ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), as being a suppressor of colonic tumour growth.

This is a retrospective study. To detail respiratory management after a high cervical spinal cord injury (HCSCI). A tertiary university hospital's pulmonary rehabilitation center to which most individuals with HCSCI and ventilatory insufficiency throughout Korea are referred. Methods. The medical records of individuals with complete or sensory incomplete HCSCI admitted...

Despite a significant disease burden and potential to cause blindness, primary angle closure disease (PACD) does not have a population-based screening programme. Biometric indices using ultrasound A-scan is a potential tool for glaucoma case-detection. Given that genetic and environmental factors influence these parameters and paucity of data on their discrimination thresholds in Indian populace, we conducted a matched case-control study to determine the biometric indices and their discrimination thresholds associated with PACD.

Environmental temperature is now well known to have a U-shaped relationship with cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality. Both heat and cold above and below an optimum temperature, respectively, are associated with adverse outcomes. However, cold in general and moderate cold specifically is predominantly responsible for much of temperature-attributable adversity. Importantly, hypertension-the most important CV risk factor-has seasonal variation such that BP is significantly higher in winter. Besides worsening BP control in established hypertensives, cold-induced BP increase also contributes to long-term BP variability among normotensive and pre-hypertensive patients, also a known CV risk factor. Disappointingly, despite the now well-stablished impact of temperature on BP and on CV mortality separately, direct linkage between seasonal BP change and CV outcomes remains preliminary. Proving or disproving this link is of immense clinical and public health importance because if seasonal BP variation contributes to seasonal adversity, this should be a modifiable risk. Mechanistically, existing evidence strongly suggests a central role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and secondarily, the renin"“angiotensin"“aldosterone axis (RAAS) in mediating cold-induced BP increase. Though numerous other inflammatory, metabolic, and vascular perturbations likely also contribute, these may also well be secondary to cold-induced SNS/RAAS activation. This review aims to summarize the current evidence linking temperature, BP and CV outcomes. We also examine underlying mechanisms especially in regard to the SNS/RAAS axis, and highlight possible mitigation measures for clinicians.

Nature Reviews Disease Primers volume 8, Article number: 35 (2022) Cite this article. You have full access to this article via your institution. We thank Ian Roberts and Francois-Xavier Ageron for their interest in our Primer (Moore, E. E. et al. Trauma-induced coagulopathy. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 7, 30 (2021))1, which raised some important points (Roberts, I. & Ageron, F.-X. The role of tranexamic acid in trauma - a life-saving drug with proven benefit. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00367-5 (2022))2. We were surprised by the statement that we proposed guidelines for the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) post-injury. In actuality, the Primer (a narrative review, not a guideline) described the current TXA-related practices in Europe versus those in the USA and provided a critical appraisal of the evidence (as in Box 1 of the Primer) behind both approaches.

Loss or deletion of survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) is causative for a severe and devastating neuromuscular disease, Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). SMN1 produces SMN, a ubiquitously expressed protein, that is essential for the development and survival of motor neurons. Major advances and developments in SMA therapeutics are shifting the natural history of the disease. With three relatively new available therapies, nusinersen (Spinraza), onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma), and risdiplam (Evrysdi), patients survive longer and have improved outcomes. However, patients and families continue to face many challenges associated with use of these therapies, including poor treatment response and a variability in the benefits to those that do respond, suggesting that the quest for the SMA cure is not over. In this review, we discuss the current therapies, their limitations, and highlight necessary gaps that need to be addressed to guarantee the best outcomes for SMA patients.

A large-scale single-nucleus chromatin accessibility profiling study in coronary artery samples from patients with coronary artery disease generated a landscape of the regulatory activity during the disease. These data highlight cell type-specific gene programs that can improve the interpretation of human genome-wide association studies findings for cardiovascular diseases.

In the version of this article initially published, the Acknowledgements section for Ryan M. Layer did not include the funding information "NIH/NCI grant no. UO1 CA231978." The grant has been included in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. Murad...

Sub-100-mV switching at the nanosecond timescale is achieved in ferroelectric devices by approaching bulk-like perfection in prototypical BaTiO3 thin films. In ferroelectrics, spontaneous electrical polarization is switchable by application of an external electric field, making these materials attractive for energy-efficient logic and memory device applications. Low-power voltage control of a memory element is a great asset in contrast to the highly energy-dissipative spin-polarized currents required to manipulate magnetic elements in magnetoresistive random access memories1.

To present a fluorescein angiography (FA)"’based computer algorithm for quantifying retinal blood flow, perfusion, and permeability, in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Secondary objectives were to quantitatively assess treatment efficacy following panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and define thresholds for pathology based on a new retinovascular function (RVF) score for quantifying disease severity.