CDC advisory committee unanimously recommends booster shots of Pfizer's and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines for all adults aged 18 and older after FDA authorizes the extra doses 

  • The CDC's advisory committee formally recommended booster shots for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine on Friday
  • Members voted 11-0 to s uggest adults aged 18 to 49 'may' get a booster and those aged 50 and older'should' get a booster
  • It comes on the same day that the FDA authorized booster shots for over-18s
  • The new recommendation means all adults are now eligible to receive a booster made by any one of three vaccines approved in the U.S. 
  • Pfizer's booster shot is a third dose of a two-shot vaccine and Moderna's is half the dose  
  • As of Friday, 32.4 million Americans have received a booster shot with a seven-day rolling average of more than 700,000 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advisory committee has unanimously recommended booster shots of Pfizer-BioNTech's and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine for all adults on Friday.

It comes on the same day that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the shots.

ADVERTISEMENT

The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted 11-0 that those aged 18 to 49 'may' get a booster while those aged 50 and older should get a booster. 

Prior to the authorization, the companies' booster shots were only authorized for those aged 65 and older or at high risk due to underlying conditions or their jobs. 

But now - with the Johnson & Johnson booster already approved for Americans aged 18 and older - it means fully vaccinated people in the U.S. can receive one of any three booster shots.

The move completes the Biden administration's goal, announced over the summer, of providing every adult with an extra dose. 

The final step before booster shots can be administered broadly to the general public is a sign off by CDC director Dr Rochelle Walensky. 

The FDA authorized booster shots for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine on Friday Pictured: Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccination vials, July 2021

In August, boosters were approved for immunocompromised Americans who had received either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine after data showed they were less likely to develop high antibody levels after two doses. 

Shortly after, the White House announced booster shots would become available for all Americans starting on September 20 due to data suggesting waning efficacy of the initial shots. 

At the time, Moderna said the data support the use of boosters for people aged 18 and older six months after receiving the second shot, citing the waning effectiveness of the shots at preventing infection, and the increased antibody levels provided by third shots. 

But many scientists, including senior officials at the FDA, disagreed and argued that the vaccines are still highly effective at preventing severe illness and death.  

ADVERTISEMENT

Pfizer's booster is a third dose of is two-shot vaccine.

The team also released data from a clinical trial involving 23 participants who participated in Pfizer's early-stage trials last year. 

Each had received two doses of the vaccine and were given a booster dose at least six months later.

Of the participants, 11 were in the younger adults group of those aged 18 to 55 and 12 were aged 65 to 85. 

After the third dose, neutralizing antibodies against the original strain of the virus rose five-fold in the 18-to-55 age group and seven-fold in the 65-to-85 group.

As of Friday, 32.4 million Americans have received a booster shot with a seven-day rolling average of more than 700,000
Pfizer said data suggested efficacy of two doses declines from 96.2% to 83.7% after six months but that a third dose boosts antibody levels (above)

In August, the company said its early data suggested people who received booster doses between six and 12 months after their final dose had high levels of protection. 

Documents published in September suggest that protection from two doses of the Pfizer vaccine declines from 96.2 percent at seven days after dose 2 to 90.1 percent two months later to 83.7 percent up to six months later. 

What's more, Pfizer cited data from Israel showing people fully vaccinated in January 2021 had a 2.26-fold increased risk for breakthrough infections compared to those fully vaccinated in April 2021.

Meanwhile, Moderna's booster is a 50 microgram (µg) dose - half the dose of its original vaccine.

Data in May has shown the booster increased levels of neutralizing antibodies, including against the original virus and variants, including the Beta and Gamma variants.

The company then released data in September showing people who received its COVID-19 vaccine last year are nearly twice as likely to get a breakthrough infection compared to those recently vaccinated. 

ADVERTISEMENT

There were 88 breakthrough cases of COVID-19 among Americans vaccinated from December 2020 to March 2021.

Comparatively, there were 162 cases - 1.8 times as many - among those vaccinated between July 2020 and December 2020.

The Cambridge, Massachusetts-based company said the data provided evidence for giving booster doses to fully vaccinated people. 

'This emergency use authorization comes at a critical time as we enter the winter months and face increasing COVID-19 case counts and hospitalizations across the country,' Moderna CEO Stéphane Bancel said in a statement. 

'We thank the FDA for their review, and are confident in the robust clinical evidence that a 50 µg booster dose of mRNA-1273 induces a strong immune response against COVID-19.' 

Dr Anthony Fauci said on Tuesday the U.S. is seeing an 'uptick' in COVID-19 hospitalizations among fully vaccinated people who have not had a booster. Pictured: Fauci speaks at a hearing of the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, November 2021

As of Friday, 32.4 million Americans have received a booster shot.

It comes as Dr Anthony Fauci said COVID-19 hospitalizations are rising among fully vaccinated people who have not had booster shots. 

'What we're starting to see now is an uptick in hospitalizations among people who've been vaccinated but not boosted,' he told NBC News in an interview on Tuesday.

'It's a significant proportion, but not the majority by any means.'

However, he did not provide any data to support his claims and the CDC told DailyMail.com that it does not have any data about rising breakthrough cases resulting in hospitalization for vaccinated patients. 

WHO IS ELIGIBLE FOR COVID-19 BOOSTER SHOTS AND WHEN SHOULD THEY GET THEM?

By Mary Kekatos, U.S. Health Editor for DailyMail.com 

What are COVID-19 vaccine boosters? 

A booster shot is given at least two months after people have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. 

It is meant to prolong immunity and give a 'boost' to the immune system to create higher levels of antibodies against the virus.

Is vaccine protection waning? 

Several studies have recently suggested that vaccine protection does decrease over time. 

A recent study from the Public Health Institute in Oakland, California, found that the overall effectiveness of the three Covid vaccines available in the U.S. fell from 87% in March to 48% by September.

Johnson & Johnson's vaccine saw its protection wane the most, dropping from 86% in March to below 50% by September, and down to only 13% in October. 

The Pfizer-BioNTech jab saw its effectiveness drop from 87% in March to 43% in September. 

Moderna's shot held up the best, but still fell from 89% in March to 58% in September. 

However, health officials insist that vaccines are still highly effective against the most severe outcomes from COVID-19, including hospitalization and death. 

Additionally, some people have weakened immune systems, either due to medical conditions or to age, that have left them unable to mount a full immune response to the first doses.  

Who is currently eligible? 

All U.S. adults aged 18 and older who are fully vaccinated can receive a booster shot.

The first group authorized to receive boosters was Americans with compromised immune systems, with that decision coming in August.

Next, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded that authorization to specific at-risk groups.

These included people aged 65 and older, long-term care facility residents and people aged 18 to 64 at high risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying medical conditions.

Also authorized are those at high risk due to their jobs or other factors, such as healthcare workers, teachers and grocery store employees - and those who live in institutional settings that increase their risk of exposure, such as prisons or homeless shelters.

In November, this authorization was expanded to include all adults regardless of risk factors for severe illness.

Which COVID-19 vaccine booster can I get?

Americans can get any of the three authorized boosters.

Pfizer-BioNTech's and Moderna's booster shots are administered at least six months after the final shot.

J&J's booster shot is given at least two months after the final dose.  

Pfizer's and J&J's booster shots are exactly the same - both ingredients-wise and dosage (30 micrograms and 0.5 milliliters, respectively) - as the primary doses. 

Moderna's booster shot is 50 micrograms - half the dosage of its original vaccine.  

Can I mix and match?

Yes, federal health officials say Americans can get booster shots made by a different vaccine manufacturer than that of their initial doses.

Researchers from the National Institutes of Health presented data at an FDA advisory committee meeting in October showing the effectiveness of mixing-and-matching. 

The report found that when recipients of the one-shot J&J vaccine received a second dose, their antibody levels increased four-fold over two weeks.

Comparatively, when they received a Moderna booster, their antibody levels spiked 76-fold over the same time period. 

A booster shot of the Pfizer vaccine also raised antibody levels 45-fold over the course of two weeks - higher than the J&J shot, but not as high as the Moderna shot.

What's more, the Moderna booster was also found to raise antibody levels higher Pfizer recipients. 

Americans who received two doses of the Pfizer saw their antibody levels increase 21-fold after a third Pfizer shot.

But those given the Moderna booster had antibody levels raised 32-fold over the span of 14 days.

ADVERTISEMENT