Rosie on the House: Test and inspect home alarm systems regularly

Installing and maintaining smoke alarms

For many years NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, has required as a minimum that smoke alarms be installed inside every sleep room (even for existing homes) in addition to requiring them outside each sleeping area and on every level of the home. (Additional smoke alarms are required for larger homes.) 

There are two types of smoke alarms – ionization and photoelectric.

Ionization: Generally more responsive to flaming fires, triggered by the small particles given off by an open flame so an active kitchen will often produce false alarms. They’re better installed near steamy bathrooms.

Photoelectric: Generally more responsive to smoldering fires. They respond to particles in the air, created by smoldering fires or steamy showers. Because they are less prone to false alarms caused by cooking, place them in areas near the kitchens.

For the best protection, both types of alarms or combination - ionization photoelectric alarms, also known as dual sensor smoke alarms, are recommended.

Consumer Reports recommends the First Alert 3120B or this Kidde P12010.

The National Fire Protection Association offers these tips for installing and maintaining smoke alarms.

Installation

Choose smoke alarms that have the label of a recognized testing laboratory.

Install smoke alarms inside each bedroom, outside each sleeping area and on every level of the home, including the basement.

On levels without bedrooms, install alarms in the living room (or den or family room) or near the stairway to the upper level, or in both locations.

Smoke alarms installed in the basement should be installed on the ceiling at the bottom of the stairs leading to the next level.

Smoke alarms should be installed at least 10 feet (3 meters) from a cooking appliance to minimize false alarms when cooking.

Mount smoke alarms high on walls or ceilings (remember, smoke rises). Wall-mounted alarms should be installed not more than 12 inches away from the ceiling (to the top of the alarm).

If you have ceilings that are pitched, install the alarm within 3 feet of the peak but not within the apex of the peak (four inches down from the peak).

Don't install smoke alarms near windows, doors, or ducts where drafts might interfere with their operation.

Never paint smoke alarms. Paint, stickers, or other decorations could keep the alarms from working.

For the best protection, interconnect all smoke alarms. When one smoke alarm sounds, they all sound. Interconnection can be done using hard-wiring or wireless technology.

When interconnected smoke alarms are installed, it is important that all of the alarms are from the same manufacturer. If the alarms are not compatible, they may not sound.

Testing

Smoke alarms should be maintained according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Test smoke alarms at least once a month using the test button.

Make sure everyone in the home understands the sound of the smoke alarm and knows how to respond.

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for where to place the detector on the wall. A rule of thumb: Place CO detectors at a minimum of 5-feet above the finish floor where they will stay dust-free and where children and pets won’t bother them.

Follow manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning to keep smoke alarms working well. The instructions are included in the package or can be found on online.

Smoke alarms with non-replaceable 10-year batteries are designed to remain effective for up to 10 years. If the alarm chirps, warning that the battery is low, replace the entire smoke alarm right away.

Smoke alarms with any other type of battery need a new battery at least once a year, perhaps on New Year’s Day whether they need it or not. A chirping alarm is a warning that the battery is low. Replace the battery right away.

Interconnected smoke alarms increase safety

In a Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) survey of households with any fires, including fires in which the fire department was not called, interconnected smoke alarms were more likely to operate and alert occupants to a fire. 

False Alarms

The most likely reason smoke detectors go off unexpectedly is because the batteries haven’t been changed.

Most smoke detectors are designed to go off when their electrical current goes down. That’s because smoke in the air will reduce the current. If your battery is dying, the current that’s flowing through your sensor also goes down, creating a false positive.

The second most common cause of false positives is placing a smoke detector too close to the bathroom. Steam from a hot shower can cause false positives and block the flow of the current, just as smoke does.

Volatile organic compounds in paints or other chemical treatments in the house can also set off the alarm. Be sure new paint is dry before replacing the alarm on the wall.

Carbon Monoxide Detectors

If you heat your home with a gas furnace or use other gas appliances at home, you must install carbon monoxide (CO) detectors. You can’t see or smell carbon monoxide, which is a potential byproduct of burning fossil fuels.
 
Install a CO detector on every floor of the house and inside every bedroom. Your home should have at least one carbon monoxide detector to alert you of the presence of gas. 

Security alarm

One of the single-greatest deterrents when it comes to keeping a home safe is a good-functioning and monitored home security system. Hard-wire your home or install a wireless security system and link it to a monitoring service that will call you or dial 911 if a window or door opens when it’s not supposed to.  Contact your monitoring service to confirm whether they will call you and the police.


Some systems include smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors that trigger the service when detected.


For more do-it-yourself tips, go to rosieonthehouse.com. An Arizona home building and remodeling industry expert for 35 years, Rosie Romero is the host of the Rosie on the House radio program from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m. Saturdays on KTAR-FM (92.3) in Phoenix; KGVY 1080