Abstract
Cancer metastasis accounts for nearly 90% of all cancer deaths. Metastatic cancer progression requires both cancer cell migration to the site of the metastasis and subsequent proliferation after colonization. However, it has long been recognized that cancer cell migration and proliferation can be uncoupled; but the mechanism underlying this paradox is not well understood. Here we report that TNFAIP8 (tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8), a “professional” transfer protein of phosphoinositide second messengers, promotes cancer cell migration or metastasis but inhibits its proliferation or cancer growth. TNFAIP8-deficient mice developed larger tumors, but TNFAIP8-deficient tumor cells completely lost their ability to migrate toward chemoattractants and were defective in colonizing lung tissues as compared to wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, TNFAIP8 served as a cellular “pilot” of tumor cell migration by locally amplifying PI3K−AKT and Rac signals on the cell membrane facing chemoattractant; at the same time, TNFAIP8 also acted as a global inhibitor of tumor cell growth and proliferation by regulating Hippo signaling pathway. These findings help explain the migration−proliferation paradox of cancer cells that characterizes many cancers.
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Data availability
RNA-seq data that support the findings of this study have been deposited in the ArrayExpress under accession nos. E-MTAB-10468.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Drs. Warren Pear, Martha Jordan and T.S. Karin Eisinger for scientific inputs. We would like to thank Drs. Chin-Nien Lee, Mei Lin, Lei Guan, Ling Lu, Xu Chen, Lianxiang Luo and Shifeng Li, for valuable suggestions and technical supports. We are grateful to Dr. Daniel P. Beiting and Gordon Ruthel from Penn Vet Imaging Core for technical assistance.
Funding
This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA (R01AI143676 and R01AI1136945).
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ML conceived, designed and executed most of the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. XL designed and performed bioinformatics analysis and edited the paper. JRG performed the Rac1 polarization and lipid ELISA, devised analytical methods, and edited the paper. SS and LZ performed tumor inductions. AZ helped to design plasmids. LW helped to perform some of experiments. HS, TL, JY, EZ, MJBD helped to complete animal experiments. YHC conceived and supervised this study and wrote the paper.
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YHC is a member of the advisory board of Amshenn Co. and Binde Co. All other authors declare no competing interests.
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Li, M., Li, X., Goldsmith, J.R. et al. Decoupling tumor cell metastasis from growth by cellular pilot protein TNFAIP8. Oncogene 40, 6456–6468 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-02035-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-02035-6