How to keep pets safe during the summer heat

The dog days of summer are in full swing, which means it's important to keep your pooch protected from the heat.

The U.S. has experienced unrelenting temperatures this year, with triple-digit highs seen across the country, from the Southwest to the nation's capital. This week another summer heat wave is hitting Southern California , with temperatures rising into the upper 90s and triple digits in the valleys.

And while we're all feeling the impact of the heat, it can be even harder for animals to regulate extreme temperatures.

Dogs, for example, have sweat glands but don't use them the same way humans do.

"They really just have to pant off all the heat they get, and it can be very difficult for them to regulate their body temperature," Dr. Joe Snock, a veterinarian at Mount Laurel Animal Hospital, recently told CBS News Philadelphia . "With dogs, it's going to be a big concern if they're left outside, especially with this heat."

So, how can you keep you four-legged friends happy and healthy amid the heat? Here are some expert tips:

Hydrate

"Water is really the most important thing you can take with you when you're exercising your pet outside in the heat," Dr. Christie Long, chief medical officer at veterinary clinic Modern Animal in California, told CBS News.

In general, dogs and cats normally drink between 20 and 100 milliliters of water per kilogram of body weight per day, Long said, and can show similar signs when dehydrated, including:

• Sticky or tacky gums
• Skin is slow to return to normal positions when pinched or "tented."
• Eyes appear sunken or recessed in socket

Limit exposure

If you're outside with your pet for a walk, opt for shadier spots in order to protect them from the direct sun.

"A covered area, almost like a shedded area, or just a bunch of trees somewhere they can get away from the direct heat is good," Snock said.

Pets can also burn their paws on hot concrete and asphalt.

"Burns can be mild and superficial or serious and deep, depending on the temperature and the length of exposure," said Long. "The best way to test the temperature is to feel the surface yourself with your hand. If it feels too hot to keep your hand on the ground, then it's too hot for your pet to walk on."

If temperatures are just too hot, try inside activities like hiding treats in puzzle feeders or playing fetch with soft toys, Long said. You can also increase bonding time with brushing or other grooming, she said.

• What happens to the human body in extreme heat? Experts explain the heat wave's dangerous impact.

Watch for warning signs

Amid summer heat, Long said to look out for signs of heat stroke in pets, which include:

• Lethargy
• Collapse
• Bright red gums
• Decreased mental state/responsiveness
• Excessive panting
• Drooling

"Pet owners should seek medical attention as soon as possible if their pet displays any symptoms of heat stroke," she said. "After removing your pet from the heat and into a cooler area, use cold water to wet the ear flaps and paws to start the cooling process and transport them in a vehicle with direct air conditioning."